This text provides a comprehensive review of ERCP and the clinical conditions managed by ERCP Presented in a case-based format, it will serve as a valuable practical clinical resource for clinicians with an interest in ERCP. The text reviews the remarkable history of ERCP with its transformation from a diagnostic to therapeutic procedure, discusses important issues in training in ERCP including use of endoscopic simulators and assessment of competency as emphasized in the new ACGME guidelines, reviews complications and new data on preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis with medication, and highlights major techniques involved in ERCP. For biliary diseases, new techniques for managing biliary stones, novel technologies for diagnosing indeterminate biliary strictures, and new devices for treating biliary strictures are highlighted. For pancreatic diseases, advances in minimally invasive endoscopic procedures for management of the various forms of pancreatitis and its complications are reviewed including a recent randomized controlled trial of endoscopic necrosectomy. ERCP is not limited by age, pregnancy, or history of abdominal surgeries and considerations particular to these special patient populations are also reviewed. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Case Based Approach will serve as a very useful resource for physicians who perform or refer patients for ERCP. It provides a concise yet comprehensive summary of the current status of ERCP that will help guide patient management and stimulate clinical research and device development.