This book covers extensively the physical implementation of qubits and quantum architecture. The author demonstrates how quantum computing is implemented by the underlying physical implementation of qubits, including trapped ions, nitrogen vacancy centers, frozen neon, and other implementations. The book shows how, ultimately, the physical implementation of the qubit is the foundation of quantum computing, and that the choice of physical qubit will impact such things as decoherence times, computational efficiency, and even error rate. The book explores all the current approaches to physical qubit implementation and includes appendices that review basic quantum computing and physics.