Microsoft have restructured their developer certification track, splitting it into two tiers - MCAD (Microsoft Certified Solution Developer) and MCSD (Microsoft Applications Developer). The MCAD validates skills related to developing, testing, deploying and maintaining individual applications, while the MCSD validates skills related to analysing and designing complex enterprise application. MCAD candidates must pass three exams (two core and one elective), while MCSD candidates must pass five exams (four core and one elective). There are parallel exams for both Visual Basic and C#. The XML Web services exam for VB. NET is a core exam for both the MCAD and MCSD certifications. The accompanying CD includes an advanced testing program with two bonus practice exams, as well as electronic flashcards for both PCs, Pocket PCs and Palm devices and the entire book in PDF.